Training to Become a Nurse in Los Angeles

Nurses, also known as registered nurses, take care of the sick, treat injuries and give emotional support to patients and their families. Daily activities of the registered nurse may include helping doctors examine and treat patients, administering tests to patients, submitting these tests to laboratories, providing patients and their families with instructions on how to take care of themselves, which can include proper nutrition, exercise and taking medications.

Nurses can focus on one type of treatment or one type of medical problem. Some registered nurses help doctors during surgery, while others work in emergency rooms or intensive care units. Many nurses work in doctors' offices where they administer medical tests, take patients’ vital signs, dress wounds, do lab work and perform administrative duties.

Types of jobs for registered nurses in Los Angeles can vary -- from home health nurses going to people's homes to help patients to flying in helicopters to get to patients in an emergency. With advanced training, a registered nurse can become a nurse practitioner and prescribe medication like physicians. Nurse midwives can help women give birth.

Registered Nurses in Los Angeles who work in a hospital environment help the sick and often deal with medical emergencies, which can be very stressful. Nurses in hospitals often help many patients at once and spend a lot of time standing and walking. Safety is an issue for registered nurses because they care for people with diseases, move patients frequently, as well as come into contact with radiation (x-rays) and chemicals. Because patients need 24-hour care, hospital nurses often work nights, weekends and holidays. There is flexibility to the nursing profession as many registered nurses are able to work part-time.

How do you prepare to become a nurse in California? Nurses must graduate from an LA nursing school or other nursing school in Southern California. It takes about two years of college to finish an associate degree in nursing and about four years to complete a bachelor's degree in nursing. A diploma in nursing usually takes about three years. Deciding what type of training to choose is important. Some careers are open only to nurses who have a bachelor's degree. Nursing education includes clinical training, where nursing students train with registered nurses in a hospital or other healthcare environment. Nurses study anatomy, chemistry, nutrition, psychology, theory and nursing. Upon graduation, nurses must pass a test to obtain a permanent nursing credential to practice in California. Registered nurses take courses every few years to keep their skills current.

Nurses should be caring and nurturing. They also need to be good at identifying problems and remembering details. Nurses need to work well with doctors and patients. Many nurses also supervise assistants and other workers.

In Los Angeles, with experience and advanced coursework, registered nurses can become head nurses or nursing managers. Some nurses move into the business side of health care and find work in large companies in healthcare planning, and marketing.

To prepare for a nursing job in Los Angeles, prospective nursing students should take biology and other science courses. Communication skills are critical, so students need to be proficient in reading and writing. Mathematics is also important as nurses need to account for doses of medicines for patients.

How does a nursing job pay in Los Angeles as well as in the United States? The average half of all registered nurses earned between $ 47,710 and $ 69,850 in 2006. The lowest-paid 10 percent earn less than $ 40,250. The highest paid 10 percent made more than $83,440. (Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics-BLS)

Registered Nurses are the largest occupation in the healthcare industry. There are about 2.5 million nurses in the United States as of 2006, with about 60% employed by hospitals and 20% working part-time.

What does the future hold for nursing? The Bureau of Labor Statistics expects jobs for registered nurses to grow much faster than the average for all occupations through 2016. Many new jobs will be available for people who want to be nurses. Hospitals will need nurses, but many new nurses working in home health clinics, doctors' offices and nursing homes will also be needed.

For more information about nursing careers in Los Angeles, Go to www.LANursingDegree.com

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Educate Children Become Smart

Tips Educate Children Become Smart

Being a smart child who is not a gift given by God alone. But there are several factors or how to educate a child who makes a thin brain than others. Here are a few things about MSNNews delivered by education should be acquired children.

Education is what I call here is not formally in school. But that must be done at home parents. Here are some ways that makes children can become more intelligent than others:

Play music
This can stimulate the growth of the right brain. And from studies conducted by universities of Toronto, this can increase the IQ and academic value of children.

Develop a child's curiosity
Successful education for bright kids will always want to know new things. So from the childhood habit that you as parents should always show the curiosity of the children.

That way you do not need to send these children to learn it. Because he himself would wonder. Automatically with the more he learned to make it smart.

Reading culture
With reading activities will increase knowledge and cognitive development of children. Then how to do it? Read stories to children can be one way out. Alternatively, give children the gift of a book that can attract attention.

Especially now the internet era, why not use that weapon in educating? Internet has proven an effective way to get people to read. Of course, since this for the education of children to be smart, must remain accompanied by Parents.

Confidence
Educating children is a good smart-confidence and made him always optimistic that he can do something. One way is to participate in sports or social activities can membantunya.Dan not even educate children so that he became less confident.

One example is when a mother criticized her picture because the sky is red instead of blue. It seems trivial. But it's not a good education. Because children become afraid to do something because it is wrong. And people who never do anything how would be smart.

Some other things that can make a smart child is of course the benefits of breastfeeding, eliminate fast food and providing healthy food, get exercise. Hopefully, if you educate with education as a way above, children can become more intelligent.

nursing-careplans.blogspot.com

Orgasm Benefits

Orgasm Benefits

by: Amy Otis, BSN, RN

An Orgasm is Good For You!

According to JAMA (the Journal of the American Medical Association), 43% of American women suffer from some form of 'Female Sexual Dysfunction -- often placing the blame on themselves for their inability to reach orgasm. Stop blaming yourself. If you are alone, masturbation will help you find what feels right for you. If you have a partner, talk to them. Often the clitoris is under stimulated during sexual intercourse - which is how many women have an orgasm. If you have orgasms from your cervix being stimulated, tell your partner this. (Or, whatever else does it for you).

Orgasms: Relieve tension! The faster heart beat, the increased blood flow and muscular tautness associated with sexual pleasure all come to a relaxing conclusion with an orgasm, and in the process relieve tensions pent up in your nervous system.

Orgasms: Help you sleep better. While an orgasm is followed in the male by a quick drop in blood pressure and sudden relaxation, the effect on women is more progressive but no less important. Orgasms act as a natural tranquilizer. That wonderful release of endorphins is very calming.

Orgasms: Calm your cravings for junk food and sometimes for cigarettes. Sexual stimulation activates the production of phenetylamine, a kind of natural amphetamine that regulates your appetite. So, before you pig-out, maybe go to your room. :)

Orgasms: Burn calories.

Orgasms: Can work as natural pain management. If you ever noticed forgetting about a headache or menstrual cramps while masturbating or having sex, it is not simply a psychological phenomenon. Endorphins, (natural compounds close to morphine) are released by your body during sex and can increase your tolerance to pain by as much as 70% during orgasm. This will vary from person to person. AND, if you are in the hospital... forget trying this due to the lack of privacy.

Coolnurse.com

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Kissing is Good For You!

Kissing is Good For You!

by: Amy, RN

Reasons Why Kissing is Good for You!

It helps prevent tooth decay (better than brushing your teeth?) Dr. Peter Gorden, Dental Advisor at the British Dental Association, explains. “After eating, your mouth is full of sugar solution and acidic saliva, which cause plaque build up. Kissing is nature's own cleaning process”, he adds. “It stimulates saliva flow and brings plaque levels down to normal.” I asked my dentist and after he blushed, he agreed.

It relieves tension. A passionate kiss is a great relaxation technique, says stress consultant, Michelle Kay Mcnabb. " When your mouth is in a kissing position, you are almost smiling and as our emotions and body language are so closely linked, it's almost impossible to smile and feel tense at the same time," she explains. "Also, your breathing becomes deeper and your eyes close when you kiss; that's what you do when you relax. It's a perfect way to shut out the world."

It helps you lose weight.-- just how long can you do that? You need use 3000 calories to lose one pound, i.e., 30,000 minutes, 500 hours... "A long kiss makes the metabolism burn up sugar faster than usual," says Claire Potter. "The calories burned depend on the intensity, but you can rely on 10 calories for every 10 minutes."

It slows the aging process. (That's important! ) "Kissing helps to tone your cheek and jaw muscles, so they're less likely to sag," says Cosmo's Fitness Consultant, Claire Potter.

It increases fitness levels. (Okay, now there is really no reason why you can't start some exercise now). “Your heart is pumping, your pulse is racing..."If kissing is exciting, you release adrenaline into the bloodstream and your heart pumps more blood around your body,” says Dr. Susan Hotchkies. "It's a great cardiovascular workout."

It’s a good indication of what's to come. (Make sure he or she is not married, please). Kissing a new guy or gal gives you the perfect opportunity to check out his or her pheromones - the chemical messengers that signal sexual attraction. " The first kiss is always a good way to work out if there's any chemistry between you, "says Paul Brown, a sexual and marital therapist. " In humans, it's thought that smells plays a vital part in subconscious attraction, and if your pheromones aren't 'in tune', you're unlikely to hit off!

It boosts self-esteem. There's nothing better than a passionate kiss for a major dose of feel good factor. "In theory, when you're kissing, you're happy. And when you're happy, you feel good about yourself," says psychotherapist Paul Zeal.

Don't leave kissing out of romance. Kiss someone special today and see if your love life improves.

Coolnurse.com

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Picture Your Heart's Health With EKGs

Picture Your Heart's Health With EKGs

by: Damian Sofsian

Each time your heart beats, the contractions and relaxations of the heart muscle emit electrical current. An electrocardiogram (EKG) is a medical recording of the electric impulses from the heart. Electrodes that send impulses to the EKG machine are attached to the patient�s skin at various points on the body. Those recorded currents are displayed on a computer monitor and can be printed out on special graph paper. Your heart�s electrical currents are recorded on the graph paper as an EKG. Qualified medical staff interpret the graphed results to determine any irregularities.

Most EKGs are performed in a critical care facility, telemetry or any place that a particular patient needs to be monitored. EKGs can help your doctor determine the status of your heart health. By graphing the electrical impulses of the heart, doctors and other trained medical staff are able to see the presence of any abnormalities. The EKG recording often reveals the scars of past heart attacks and other heart damage. Although the test cannot predict future heart attacks or other heart problems, a combination of family history and additional examinations may give your doctor a good idea of what to expect.

Individuals experiencing chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness or heart palpitations will likely be referred for an EKG by their doctor. An EKG is a rapid and safe way to determine if a heart attack is occurring. Those reporting these types of symptoms will likely be referred to the nearest Emergency Room for further evaluation. If your doctor does not think your symptoms indicate a life-threatening situation, you may be asked to make an appointment with an EKG specialist for further observation.

An EKG is a very simple and painless procedure. The patients are instructed to lie face up on an examination table while electrodes are strategically placed at various points on their body. The electrodes are attached to cables and the cables are attached to the EKG machine. The electrodes send electronic impulses to the machine and results in a printed graph, which is a picture of your heart function. The procedure usually takes 15 to 20 minutes but may require a longer visit if the technician needs additional testing data. A stress test is a normal EKG procedure that requires the patient perform moderate exercise while recording heart rhythms.

EKG Reading provides detailed information on EKG, EKG Reading, EKG Interpretation, EKG Machine and more. EKG Reading is affiliated with ECG Cross Reference.

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Coronary Artery Disease -What You Need to Know

by: Blubert Tavedorn

Coronary Artery Disease is commonly known as Heart Disease or Atherosclerosis. In coronary artery disease, plaque builds up inside the arteries. These plaques are formed by fats and cause the arteries to harden. The deposits are made of fat that came from the food that we eat. These fat deposits narrow the arteries and impede circulation. The narrowing of the arteries also causes high blood pressure because the body tries to compensate for the inadequate supply of blood throughout the system.

Fat deposits in arteries are very dangerous. Aside from the fact that these arteries should not be present in the arteries, these deposits also cause a disturbance in the heart's normal functioning. The blood vessels with fat deposits are narrowed. It also causes hardening that inhibits the normal elastic function of the vessels. It causes decreased blood flow to the heart which results in chest pain called angina.

Angina occurs when the heart doesn't have enough supply of oxygen for it to function properly. The heart muscles need oxygen for them to function because it is necessary for the energy formation of muscles that it uses for working. Without adequate energy, muscles will fail to work. Angina is described as a painful squeezing feeling in the chest that is also felt in the jaws, extremities and the back.

A heart attack occurs after angina. The heart ceases to function because its muscles did not receive much oxygen. Certain muscles in the heart have died because of the inadequate supply of oxygen and therefore the remaining muscles have to compensate for the loss. Compensation gives extra workload and fatigue, causing it to stop.

There are a lot of factors that cause coronary heart disease. One of them is a major risk factor that can't be avoided and that is family history. If your family is known to have coronary heart disease, then you will likely also have the condition. Little is known about this theory but it is very consistent among patients with coronary heart disease.

If you are living a sedentary or inactive lifestyle, it is now time to change your ways and to do some serious physical work. A sedentary lifestyle will increase your risk of developing heart disease because without physical activities, your heart muscles will become flabby and weak. You need to do some simple exercises to tone your heart muscles and make it strong.

Obesity also increases the chance of having heart disease. Fat is a major contributory factor for the development of heart disease and people who are obese or overweight have a lot of fat stored in their bodies. These fats need to be burned down to lose weight and prevent having serious complications such as heart disease.

All in all, heart disease is caused by living an inappropriate lifestyle. Keep in mind that no matter how rich you are, it is not an excuse for you not to work. Exercise should also be a regular habit so that your muscles will be tougher and can reach their optimum functioning.

For an awesome resource on yoga, look into these yoga dvds this instant.

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Atrial Fibrillation Treatment: What Are My Options?

Atrial Fibrillation Treatment: What Are My Options?

by: Ben Escomm

Some of you may have heard that afib is common, comes with age, and is harmless. Not necessarily true. Clots can form in the heart from atrial fibrillation which can lead to a stroke. Afib may start as happening only every so often, but it usually leads to more episodes, which may lead to a more permanent episode (i.e. occurring all the time). The irregularity in the heart rate can cause you to be symptomatic. And there are some studies that are looking at a link between afib and heart failure.

So atrial fibrillation is not something to take lightly and it should be managed by your doctor. No doubt, if your doctor has diagnosed you with atrial fibrillation, then he or she has already started you on some drug treatment. The most common would be a blood thinner to prevent a clot from forming in the heart and thus reducing the potential for a stroke.

When a patient is in atrial fibrillation, their heart is very irregular and sometimes can race at a rate of between 100 and 130 or higher. In some patients this can make them feel symptomatic. If you are one of these patients and feel symptoms from the atrial fibrillation, your doctor may prescribe rate or rhythm control drugs. As the names suggest, these meds try to control the irregular and rapid rates of your heart. Though useful in controlling the heart, some patients don�t like them because of their associated side affects.

Additionally, since the drugs slow the heart rate down, there�s a chance of the heart going too slow. To counter this effect of drug treatment a pacemaker is sometimes implanted to ensure that your heart is beating at an appropriate level.

Another option available is an atrial fibrillation ablation. Unlike the medication therapy, this option tries to cure the atrial fibrillation. The procedure takes place at the hospital and is relatively simple. The only pain you would feel is after the procedure (you are usually asleep during the ablation), where the instruments used in the procedure (catheters) were inserted into your body. These instruments are small enough to fit in your blood vessels and are usually inserted in the groin area. The blood vessels are a way for the doc to access your heart without the need for major surgery (i.e. open heart surgery).

I go into more details on atrial fibrillation treatments on my website: www.understandingatrialfibrillation.com. There you will also find descriptions of atrial fibrillation, causes, and much more�all in easy to understand terms.

www.UnderstandingAtrialFibrillation.com
Ben has been in the medical device industry for several years. His experience is specifically with equipment relating to the heart. A good amount of his work is understanding patient heart conditions so that he can better suggest to cardiologists which equipment will work best for a specific situation. His work also provides him with a lot of patient interaction and this is where his website started. UnderstandingAtrialFibrillation.com is made for the patient--no medical jargon, just easy to understand information.

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Nursing process

The nursing process is a process by which nurses deliver care to patients, supported by nursing models or philosophies. The nursing process was originally an adapted form of problem-solving and is classified as a deductive theory.

Nursing process is a patient centered, goal oriented method of caring that provides a framework to nursing care. It involves five major steps of assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation/intervention and evaluating.

A - Assess (what is the situation?) D - Diagnose (what is the problem?) P - Plan (how to fix the problem) I - Implement (putting plan into action) E - Evaluate (did the plan work?) All together equaling ADPIE

Wikipedia
Image : www.plu.edu

10 Easy Ways To Make Children Smarter

Scientific research shows that intelligence is both genetic and environmental. Intelligence is also not fixed but can be increased because the brain develops new neurons and interconnections with stimulation.

A supportive environment fosters numerous aspects of intelligence. The following 10 easy ways to stimulate intelligence in children will provide an "enriched environment" for brain growth.

One: Love and Self-Esteem Improve Academic Performance

In a long series of experiments, Prescott Lecky, an American educational researcher, found a high correlation between low self-esteem and learning problems in children.

He correctly theorized that by raising a child's self-esteem, learning performance would also improve.

His success stories include a poor speller who averaged 55 in six months, a Latin student who went from 30 after three encouraging conversations with a teacher, and a student considered to have no aptitude for English who improved over a semester to win the school's literary prize.

Two: Breast Fed Babies Are Smarter

Danish researchers found that mother's milk contained essential micronutrients for brain development. In fact, the longer the child was breast fed, the more the brain was nourished. For example, infants breast fed for 9 months were smarter than infants only breast-fed for two months.

Three: Proper Nutrition Improve Health And Nerve Conduction

Diets high in sugar, Trans fatty acids, and salt decreased health in children. Junk food failed to provide sufficient iron for healthy brain development, resulting in poor nerve impulses. Children with nutritional deficiency also missed school more often because of illness and fell behind their peers.

Four: Proper Breakfast Improves Attention At School

Thirty years of research has shown a strong correlation between breakfast and mental alertness. Children who had nutritious breakfasts had better memory. They also concentrated better and absorbed more information during class. Those who had no breakfast or poor breakfast were more irritable and distracted during class.

Five: Exercise Benefits Intelligence And Personality

Research conducted by the University of Illinois showed that fitter children performed better academically. Besides the obvious physiological benefits of improved oxygen intake, blood flow, immune stimulation, and neural transmission, there was also a psychological and sociological component, too. Psychologically, fitter children showed higher self-esteem. Sociologically, those who participated in organized sports displayed more confidence, more cooperation, and spontaneous leadership.

Six: Musical Training Improves IQ Into Adulthood

Long-term research by the University of Toronto showed that organized music lessons benefited children all the way into adulthood. The longer the child studied music, the higher their IQs as adults. Music students also displayed better grades throughout their schooling.

Seven: Some Video Games Enhance Mental Acuity

Research by the University of Rochester found that certain video games improved sensory perception, strategic thinking, and planning ahead of time. The video games that created positive mental improvements had an educational element that improved motor skills and enhanced memory.

Eight: Mind Games Do More Than Entertain

Board games like chess, checkers, creative games like Lego and jigsaw puzzles, and brainteaser games like crosswords, cryptograms, riddles, and Sudoku improved intelligence. Specifically, they stimulated better decision-making, smarter analytical thinking, and more accurate problem solving.

Nine: Reading Improves Both Creativity And Logic

Whether a child was read to at bedtime, or actively read their own books, silently or aloud, they displayed increased left and right brain intellectual growth. Both fiction and non-fiction books improved creative imagination and logical, sequential thinking.

Ten: Nurturing Curiosity Creates An Open, Absorbent Mind

Curiosity, the urge to seek knowledge, is essential to improving intelligence in children. Conducting educational outings, teaching new skills, and supporting hobbies encouraged the development of curiosity.

These 10 ways of raising intelligence in children are easy to apply, practical, and within the reach of parents and teachers. Research has shown that they are highly effective in creating the environmental support children need to develop their intelligence.

Source : http://www.free-articles-zone.com

The All Time Top Ten Study Tips For Success In Tests And Exams

by: Michael Tipper
There comes a time in every student's life when those things that you dread begin to loom on the horizon. Depending upon how confident you are about them, your horizon will either be measured in months, or maybe days. What am I talking about? Of course I mean examinations. You may be about to go into mid term mock examinations or you could be facing your final tests.

Whatever your situation and whenever you are going to be sat in an examination room it is never too early to start getting ready for those tests. Thorough preparation will provide you with a strong foundation and will give you the confidence and belief that you can do them and that you will get the grades you want.

But where do you start and which of the hundreds of study tips and study skill ideas do you use?

I am often asked for my top ten tips when it comes to exam success and over the years I have accumulated many ideas, some of which are more effective than others. However if I were to limit myself to just the top 10 that I felt were the most powerful based on all of the work I have done in this field, here are the ones that I think are the most powerful:

1. Find your own deep and compelling reason to successfully learn your subject and pass your exams.
   
   This really is the most important of the study tips I shall share with you here because your success will be deeply rooted in your motivation to learn. Many kids at school do not want to be there and can't be bothered to try which is often why they fail. It does not mean that they are unable to learn, it just means that they have not applied themselves to the work at hand. I know that this is often true because I have met literally hundreds of people who "failed" at school by conventional standards yet later in life made the decision to go back to studying a subject because they wanted to do it. And because of their motivation to succeed the did.
   
   So what does that mean to you? Well understand that you are driven by emotional needs and not necessarily logical ones. If we were driven by logic, the world would be a much better place. So you have to find a deep emotional reason for achieving success as a student. And if you can dig deep and find that reason then nothing will stop you because you will find a way.


2. Plan your time to include study, revision and social commitments - a balance of having fun, taking breaks and studying is vital.
   
   Balance is very important to have a successful and rewarding life and the same is true when you are a student. OK you could spend every waking hour reading every book you could find and learning everything you could and yes you would pass your exams provided you had not burnt out. But it would not be fun, you would have no friends and you would definitely be out of balance.
   
   Taking appropriate breaks and giving yourself little rewards when you have finished an essay or learnt something new for your exams is vital for your success. This is because it keeps you in balance and gives you a degree of variety that keeps you fresh and alert. Yes having a night out with your friends is good for you - but only if it is as a reward for doing good work and is as part of your overall plan.


3. Use multi-coloured Mind Maps for your notes.
   
   My friend and mentor Tony Buzan developed the most powerful thinking tool ever (and I am not exaggerating here) when he invented the Mind Map. Imagine being able to get the key facts from an entire book on a single page in a way that was not only easy to remember but would stay in your memory for as long as you wanted it.
   
   Imagine having a thinking tool that allowed you to prepare essays and assignments in a fraction of the time than you do at the moment AND have them much better. Imagine being able to give a powerful hour long presentation from a single page of colourful notes that you put together in about 10 minutes.
   
   Well all these are possible with the Mind Map. It is an amazing tool that combines the power of association, the fact that we have a very strong visual processing mechanism and that it combines right and left brain processing.
   
   I have seen what Mind Maps can do for students of all ages and all abilities and if I had my way it would be a compulsory tool taught to kids from a very young age.


4. Review your notes regularly to reinforce your new-found knowledge.
   
   This is another very simple but extremely powerful tip for you. The experience of most students is that the learning that takes place in the classroom is really an information gathering exercise. When it comes to revising for their exams at the end of the year they go to their notes and often can't remember ever seeing that information before. They know they must have because the notes are in their handwriting but they can't remember anything! So the preparation for exams becomes a re-learning exercise.
   
   This study tip is so simple and powerful yet most will not bother. If at the end of every day, every week and every month you quickly scanned what you have learnt, made a few key word notes and then reviewed those ultra-condensed notes regularly, you would be amazed at how much you could remember. This only need take 10 minutes at the end of the day, half an hour at the end of the week and maybe an hour or two at the end of the month.
   
   Each time you review what you have learnt, even in condensed key word format, it is more deeply engrained in your memory.


5. Swiftly skim through your text books and course material before you read them in depth to give you an overview of your subject.
   
   Now there is not enough space here to explain why this tip is important because it is a fundamental part of learning how to read faster and absorb more information. Just trust me on this one and before you start reading, skim through your book (no more than 10 minutes) to get a feel for the contents.
   
   As you read in greater depth later on, some of what you have got from the quick scan will help put into context that information and allow you to make the necessary links in your mind and memory.
   
   Doing this will often stop you from getting stuck at any point because you will have a flavour of what is to come later in the book and this added preview can help the understanding of earlier information.


6. Learn how to remember lists of things by linking each item to a location on a journey or route you are familiar with around your town. You could even use your own home.
   
   At some point, once you have understood your subject, you will need to be able to memorise it. Many people think that just understanding it is enough to learn it but unfortunately that is not the case and so some memorization is necessary.
   
   The most powerful way of doing this is to create a "filing system" in your mind. One way to do this is to create a little journey in your imagination (it can be a real place or you can make it up). See for example the chair, the bed, the TV, the door and the window in your bedroom. If you wanted to remember a sequence of items you would link an outrageous (and therefore memorable) picture to each location.
   
   To recall the information, simply revisit the journey in your own mind and "see" the information in the silly pictures you have created.


7. Before you do any revision, warm up by doing some gentle exercise to relieve any tension in your body and to get a rush of healthy oxygen flowing to your brain.
   
   There is a saying - "a healthy body, a healthy mind" - and nowhere is this more true than when it comes to learning. Two things happen when you physically warm up before studying. First of all you get rid of any physical tension that will create stress in the body and mind (not good for learning) and secondly you will get a rush of oxygen to the brain which will help you think more clearly (definitely good for learning).


8. Do past papers under thorough exam conditions as often as possible to familiarise yourself with the format and the pressures of working under exam conditions.
   
   If you are training in a sport or practicing a musical instrument, you will practice the plays or rehearse the pieces for the big day. It would not make sense to spend months doing push ups and then turn up on the big day and expect to play soccer really well. It would also be unwise to only practice scales on your instrument and then when the big performance comes up expect a perfect recital.
   
   So the same is true of exams. Fortunately these days you can get hold of past exam papers from previous years. Do these, under the same exam conditions, over and over again so that when the big day comes you will have exam experience under your belt.
   
   Doing this will give you more confidence, much better exam techniqe and an insight into how the examiners for your subject think. Remember practice makes perfect.


9. In an exam, make sure you read the question completely and fully understand what the examiner wants before you allocate your time and begin answering the questions.
   
   This is commonsense but you would be amazed at how many people do not do this. Take your time, plan what you are going to write and then write it.


10. If you are faced with a mental block breathe deeply, relax and ask yourself "If I did know the answer to this question, what would it be?"
    
    This might sound silly but if you do it with a positive expectation that your very powerful subconcious will give you the answer, then you will be amazed at what comes to mind. The combination of the breathing, relaxation and expectation is the key. Of course you have had to have done the preparation beforehand because this won't work with information that you have not previously learnt or covered in class.

So there you have my top 10 tips. Each are very powerful and just doing one of them will make a big difference to your success...but if you do all 10...Wow!

Good luck and please do let me know how these work for you.
About The Author

Michael Tipper makes it very easy to be highly effective at learning and passing exams in a way that any student can easily achieve. To receive your free 7 day mini-course on being a highly effective student visit http://www.the77habits.com

himself@michaeltipper.com

What is Swine Flu?

What is Swine Flu?

Swine flu (swine influenza) is a disease of pigs. It is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by one of many Influenza A viruses. Approximately 1% to 4% of pigs that get swine flu die from it. It is spread among pigs by direct and indirect contact, aerosols, and from pigs that are infected but do not have symptoms. In many parts of the world pigs are vaccinated against swine flu.

Most commonly, swine flu is of the flu.mytipsonline.info”title=”" >H1N1 influenza subtype. However, they can sometimes come from the other types, such as H1N2, H3N1, and H3N2.

The current outbreak of swine flu that has infected humans is of the H1N1 type – this type is not as dangerous as some others.
Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) can also infect pigs

Avian flu and human seasonal flu viruses can infect pigs, as well as swine influenza. The H3N2 influenza virus subtype, a virulent one, is thought to have come from pigs – it went on to infect humans.

It is possible for pigs to be infected with more than one flu virus subtype simultaneously. When this happens the genes of the viruses have the opportunity to mingle. When different flu subtypes mix they can create a new virus which contains the genes from several sources – a reassortant virus.

What is strep throat? What is sore throat?
Although swine influenza tends to just infect pigs, they can, and sometimes do, jump the species barrier and infect humans.

What is the risk for human health?

Outbreaks of human infection from a virus which came from pigs (swine influenza) do happen and are sometimes reported. Symptoms will generally be similar to seasonal human influenzas – this can range from mild or no symptoms at all, to severe and possibly fatal pneumonia.

As swine flu symptoms are similar to typical human seasonal flu symptoms, and other upper respiratory tract infections, detection of swine flu in humans often does not happen, and when it does it is usually purely by chance through seasonal influenza surveillance. If symptoms are mild it is extremely unlikely that any connection to swine influenza is found – even if it is there. In other words, unless the doctors and experts are specifically looking for swine flu, it is rarely detected. Because of this, we really do not know what the true human infection rate is.
Examples of known swine flu infecting humans

Since the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) implementation of IHR (2005) in 2007, they have been notified of swine influenza cases from the USA and Spain.

In March/April 2009 human cases of influenza A swine fever (H1N1) were first reported in California and Texas. Later other states also reported cases. A significant number of human cases during the same period have also been reported in Mexico – starting just in Mexico City, but now throughout various parts of the country. More cases are being reported in Canada, Europe, and New Zealand – mainly from people who have been in Mexico.
How does a human catch swine influenza?

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WHO : Experts begin their assessment of the response to the H1N1 influenza pandemic

Dr Margaret Chan
Director-General of the World Health Organization

Excellencies, distinguished members of the Review Committee, representatives of member states, colleagues in the UN system, representatives of nongovernmental organizations, members of the media, ladies and gentlemen,

I am pleased to welcome you to the start of this review process. I am also pleased to see such a broad range of interests and expertise represented in this room.

This has been the first influenza pandemic in four decades. This has been the first major test of the functioning of the revised International Health Regulations, which entered into force in 2007.

The International Health Regulations have a provision that calls for a review of their functioning no later than five years after their entry into force. In 2008, the World Health Assembly decided that this first review should be undertaken by the Sixty-third World Health Assembly in May 2010.

As you know, this provision and this decision were in place prior to the onset of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic.

During the January 2010 session of the Executive Board, I proposed that the scheduled IHR review could also be used to assess the international response to the influenza pandemic. The Executive Board agreed to this proposal.

I believe there is merit in assessing the performance of an international instrument, like the IHR, when put to an extreme test by a widespread and closely scrutinized infectious disease event.

As I have said before, this has been the most closely watched and carefully scrutinized pandemic in history. This gives us a vast body of scientific, clinical, and epidemiological data to assess.

Moreover, the pandemic’s spread was rapidly global. To date, laboratory confirmed cases of H1N1 pandemic influenza have been officially reported from 213 countries and overseas territories or communities. This gives us a vast and varied experience to assess.

The outbreak of SARS, the first severe new disease of the 21st century, occurred in 2003 while drafting of the revised Regulations was under way. Experiences during that outbreak led to many refinements in the Regulations, including the introduction of a system of checks and balances to ensure that no one, myself included, has unfettered power.

I see potential advantages in assessing the performance of the Regulations with a particular focus on the influenza pandemic and how it was managed, especially at the international level by WHO. When the performance of the IHR is assessed under the challenging conditions of an influenza pandemic, specific strengths and weaknesses are likely to come to light.

Ladies and gentlemen,

In planning and organizing this review, WHO aimed to facilitate a process that is independent, credible, and transparent. We want a frank and critical assessment. WHO is not defining or restricting the scope of specific issues that may arise. If our member states have questions or concerns, we want to hear these questions and concerns raised.

We are seeking lessons, about how the IHR has functioned, about how WHO and the international community responded to the pandemic, that can aid the management of future public health emergencies of international concern. And I can assure you: there will be more.

We want to know what worked well. We want to know what went wrong and, ideally, why. We want to know what can be done better and, ideally, how.

In a spirit of inclusiveness, this meeting has been opened to a range of organizations and agencies interested in improving our collective management of public health emergencies. We want to hear your views as well.

To support the credibility and independent nature of the review process, the Secretariat has been diligent in inviting a membership in this committee that is geographically balanced, that includes the views and experiences of developing and developed countries, and that represents a broad range of scientific expertise and practical experience in multiple disciplines.

The Secretariat has also been especially vigilant in seeking out possible conflicts of interest among committee members.

As I said, we want a frank, critical, transparent, credible and independent review of our performance, as well as that of the International Health Regulations. The Secretariat will do everything it can to facilitate such a process.

Thank you.

Source : http://www.who.int